Role of ADR Reporting Culture in Advancing Patient Safety: A Review of Challenges and Solutions
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Abstract
Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are significant contributors to patient morbidity and healthcare costs globally, underscoring the critical role of ADR reporting in enhancing patient safety and improving clinical practices. A strong ADR reporting culture enables healthcare systems to identify, document, and mitigate potential medication-related risks, ultimately preventing recurrence and fostering a safer care environment. Despite its importance, several barriers continue to limit the effectiveness and consistency of ADR reporting. Key challenges include limited awareness and training among healthcare professionals, fear of legal or professional consequences, complex reporting procedures, and variability in reporting standards across institutions. This review explores the current landscape of ADR reporting, identifying major obstacles and examining evidence-based strategies to foster a robust reporting culture. Recommended solutions include implementing continuous education and training programs, simplifying reporting processes through digital tools, and fostering a non-punitive environment that encourages open communication. Additionally, the integration of technology—such as electronic health records (EHR) and pharmacovigilance databases—emerges as a critical enabler in streamlining and scaling ADR reporting efforts. By addressing these challenges and promoting a collaborative approach among healthcare providers, an effective ADR reporting culture can be cultivated, significantly advancing patient safety and setting a foundation for continuous quality improvement in healthcare.