Exploring the role of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Symbiotics in the management of neurodegenerative disease

Abstract

The progressive nature of neurodegenerative disorders, including multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's, poses major worldwide health issues with few available treatments. Recent research indicates that the gut microbiota is essential for controlling neuroinflammation and brain function, affecting the pathophysiology of many diseases. Probiotics, prebiotics, and symbiotics are investigated in this review as prospective innovative therapeutic approaches for treating neurodegenerative illnesses. Probiotics are microorganisms that help in boosting the host's health. They have demonstrated promise in altering the makeup of the gut microbiota, lowering systemic inflammation, and enhancing cognitive abilities. Prebiotics are indigestible dietary ingredients that promote the growth of beneficial bacteria. By encouraging the production of neuroprotective metabolites, prebiotics help to preserve the balance of the gut-brain axis. To optimize and restore the balance of the gut microbiota and produce neuroprotective benefits, symbiotics—a synergistic blend of probiotics and prebiotics—offer an integrated strategy. Recent preclinical and clinical investigations critically assess the processes by which these biotic therapies influence neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neurotrophic factors. Although initial results are encouraging, more thorough research is necessary to identify the best strains, doses, and delivery techniques before using these biotic-based treatments in clinical settings. Comprehending the unique microbiome profiles of individuals and their correlation with neurodegenerative disease pathways will also be essential for tailoring these treatment approaches. Overall, the field of probiotics, prebiotics, and symbiotics has great promise for treating neurodegenerative illnesses. These supplements may provide novel, non-invasive ways to treat patients and enhance their quality of life.