Formulation, Optimization and Evaluation of Indigoferaaspalathoides extract-loaded silver nanogel for wound healingapplications: A QBD-based approach

Abstract

This study presents the formulation and optimization of a silver nanogel incorporating Indigofera aspalathoides extract (IAE) for potential wound healing applications. The nanogel was synthesized using the precipitation method, maintaining constant amounts of IAE and aqueous solution while varying the carbopol concentration (1–2% w/v) as the gelling agent. A Central Composite Rotatable Design was employed to optimize the formulation, followed by comprehensive physicochemical characterization. The nanogel's in vitro drug release profile, zeta potential, polydispersity index (PDI), particle size, viscosity, pH, homogeneity, and stability studies were conducted. The optimized formulation exhibited a yellowish-brown appearance, with a pH of 5.8 ± 0.2, viscosity of 9412 cP, and a particle size of 98 nm with a PDI of 0.204, indicating uniform dispersion. The zeta potential was measured at –22 mV, suggesting moderate stability. In vitro release studies showed a cumulative drug release of 86.28% over 8 hours and 98.06 % over 24 hrs. Scanning Electron Microscopy confirmed the spherical morphology of the nanoparticles. These results indicate that the IAE-loaded silver nanogel demonstrates favorable physicochemical properties and a controlled drug release profile, suggesting its potential as an effective topical delivery system for wound healing. Future studies should focus on in vivo evaluations, long-term stability, and clinical trials to further validate its therapeutic efficacy and safety.