Biopesticides Production, Formulation and Applications: A Short Review

Abstract

Rising public concern over the environmental and health risks of chemical pesticides has accelerated the shift toward safer, more sustainable pest control methods. Biopesticides—sourced from microorganisms, plant extracts, and natural biochemical compounds—offer an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic chemicals. Their development involves selecting, cultivating, and processing biological agents to ensure both effectiveness and stability. Advanced formulation techniques improve performance, extend shelf life, and adapt application methods to various agricultural contexts, such as liquid suspensions, wettable powders, and granules. Effective use of biopesticides depends on factors like target pests, environmental conditions, and alignment with integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. Despite hurdles such as short shelf life, regulatory challenges, and production costs, ongoing advancements in biotechnology and formulation are enhancing their viability. With continued investment in research, education, and supportive policies, biopesticides hold strong promise for reducing reliance on synthetic pesticides and promoting sustainable agriculture. This review examines the classification, production, and current status of biopesticides, with a focus on their role in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and their adoption in India. The review highlights recent advancements, market trends, and regulatory frameworks shaping global and national biopesticide usage.